Definition/General

Introduction:
-Adrenal hemorrhage and infection represent non-neoplastic conditions that may present as mass-like lesions
-They can mimic neoplasms on imaging
-FNAC helps distinguish from malignant processes
-Common causes include trauma, anticoagulation, sepsis, and tuberculosis.
Epidemiology:
-Hemorrhage: Any age, anticoagulation-related
-Infection: Immunocompromised patients at risk
-Tuberculosis: Endemic areas, HIV patients
-Bilateral involvement common
-Adrenal insufficiency may result.

Clinical Features

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Gross Description

Microscopic Description

Immunohistochemistry

Molecular/Genetic

Differential Diagnosis

Sample Pathology Report

Template Format

Sample Pathology Report

Complete Report: This is an example of how the final pathology report should be structured for this condition.

Clinical Correlation

Patient with [clinical presentation] and [risk factors]. [Laboratory findings/Hormonal status] noted

Specimen Information

FNAC from [adrenal lesion/mass], [side], performed under [guidance method]

Specimen Adequacy

[Adequate/Inadequate] for cytological interpretation

Cytological Findings

Smears showing [inflammatory infiltrate/hemorrhagic material/necrotic debris]. [Specific cell types and patterns] noted

Inflammatory Pattern

[Acute/Chronic/Granulomatous/Mixed] inflammatory pattern with [predominant cell types]

Organisms

[Organisms identified/No organisms seen/Special stains recommended] - [Specific findings]

Hemorrhage

[Fresh blood/Hemosiderin-laden macrophages/Fibrin deposits] [present/absent]

Cytological Diagnosis

[Inflammatory process/Hemorrhage/Infectious process] - [Specific findings if identifiable]

Differential Diagnosis

[Infectious etiology/Post-hemorrhagic changes/Autoimmune adrenalitis] to be considered

Recommendations

[Microbiological studies/Special stains/Adrenal function assessment/Clinical correlation] recommended

Note

No evidence of malignancy in examined material. [Adrenal insufficiency assessment/Appropriate treatment] recommended based on clinical findings