Overview
Arterial Blood Gas sampling is a diagnostic procedure used to assess acid-base balance, oxygenation, and ventilation status. It provides critical information for respiratory and metabolic disorders.
ABG analysis is crucial for managing respiratory failure, metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, and monitoring critically ill patients. It guides ventilator settings and treatment decisions.
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Indications
Assessment of oxygenation
Acid-base evaluation
Tissue perfusion assessment
Settings adjustment
Baseline evaluation
Contraindications
Absolute Contraindications
Relative Contraindications
📋 Equipment Checklist
Check off items as you gather them:
Pre-procedure Preparation
Preparation includes patient consent, equipment setup, and understanding contraindications.Step-by-Step Procedure
Step 1: Patient Preparation
Explain procedure, obtain consent, position patient.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Inadequate consent
- Poor positioning
💡 Pro Tip:
Position patient comfortably.
Step 2: Site Selection
Choose appropriate artery (radial, femoral, brachial).
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Wrong site
- Poor collateral
💡 Pro Tip:
Use radial artery when possible.
Step 3: Allen Test
Test collateral circulation for radial artery.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Skipped test
- Poor technique
💡 Pro Tip:
Perform Allen test for radial artery.
Step 4: Skin Preparation
Clean skin with alcohol swab.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Inadequate prep
- Contamination
💡 Pro Tip:
Use proper aseptic technique.
Step 5: Arterial Puncture
Perform arterial puncture with proper technique.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Wrong angle
- Multiple attempts
💡 Pro Tip:
Use 45-degree angle.
Step 6: Specimen Handling
Handle specimen properly and apply pressure.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Air bubbles
- Inadequate pressure
💡 Pro Tip:
Remove air bubbles and apply pressure.
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Post-procedure Care
Post-procedure care involves monitoring for complications, specimen handling, and result interpretation.Complications & Management
| Complication | Incidence | Signs | Management | Prevention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematoma | 5-10% | Swelling, pain | Pressure, ice | Adequate pressure |
| Arterial spasm | 2-5% | Pain, pallor | Warmth, time | Gentle technique |
| Infection | 0.1-1% | Erythema, pain | Antibiotics | Sterile technique |
| Nerve injury | 0.1-1% | Numbness, tingling | Observation | Proper technique |
Clinical Pearls
Use radial artery when possible.
Perform Allen test for radial artery.
Use 45-degree angle for puncture.
Remove air bubbles immediately.
Apply pressure for 5-10 minutes.
Handle specimen carefully.
Monitor for complications.